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	Term	Definition
	Articular Facets	Two neighboring vertebrae attach at the articular facets.
	Autoimmune Disease
	Cell	The basic structural unit of all living organisms.
	Cervical Spine	The cervical, or neck section of the spine, consists of seven vertebrae known as levels C1 – C7. The top cervical vertebra is connected to the base of the skull.
	Cervical Vertebrae	The cervical, or neck section of the spine, consists of seven vertebrae known as levels C1 – C7. The top cervical vertebra is connected to the base of the skull.
	Coccyx	The coccyx, also called the tailbone, is at the base of the spinal column. It has four small vertebrae that are fused together.
	Discs	Discs separate vertebrae. They are made of tough, elastic material that allows the spine to bend and twist.
	Electrotherapy
	Facet Joints	Vertebral protrusions that link one vertebra of the spine to an adjacent vertebra.
	Foramen	Small opening in the vertebra.
	Herniated Disc
	Homeostasis
	Lamina	The flat plates of the lamina create the wall of the vertebral canal and help protect the spinal cord.
	Ligaments
	Lumbar Spine	The lumbar section of the spine is located between the thoracic vertebrae and the sacrum. The five lumbar vertebrae, known as levels L1 – L5, comprise the main weight bearing section of the spinal column.
	Minerals
	Muscles
	Musculoskeletal
	Nerve Roots	Nerve roots transmit information between the spinal cord and other parts of the body, such as the arms, legs, and organs.
	Nervous System
	Neural Function
	Organs
	Osteoarthritis
	Osteophytes
	Paresthesia
	Pedicle	Pedicles connect the lamina to the vertebral body.
	Peripheral Nervous System
	Proteins
	Referred Pain
	Sacroiliac Joints
	Sacrum	The sacrum is located near the base of the spine. The sacrum consists of five fused vertebrae known as levels S1 – S5. It does not have discs separating the bones. The pelvis is connected to the spinal column at the sacrum.
	Spinal Cord	The spinal cord has nerve pathways that carry signals, such as pain, from the arms, legs, and other parts of the body to the brain.
	Spinal Nerves
	Spinous Process	The spinous process protrudes from the back of each vertebra. Muscles and ligaments that move and stabilize the vertebrae attach to the spinous processes.
	Spondylosis
	Systems
	Tendons
	Thoracic Spine	The thoracic section of the spine is located at the chest level, between the cervical and the lumbar vertebrae. The 12 thoracic vertebrae, known as levels T1 – T12, also serve as attachments for the ribcage.
	Tissues
	Transverse Process	Two transverse processes stick out of the sides of each vertebra. Muscles and ligaments that move and stabilize the vertebrae attach to the transverse processes.
	Vertebral Body	Vertebral bodies are the cylinder-shaped, weight-bearing structures of the vertebrae.
	Vertebral Canal	The spinal cord sits in this channel formed by the lamina and the vertebral body.
	Vertigo
	Vitamins

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